Asset Selection
The process begins with selecting a pool of receivables or other income-generating assets, which form the foundation of the securities that will be created. The rate calculations assume the assessment of the transaction terms and the portfolio-specific characteristics with a rating agency methodology. The assessment output is the borrowing base that will define the level of the capital raised.
Special Purpose Vehicle Creation
A Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) is established to purchase and hold the selected assets. The SPV is a legal entity that raises funds for part of the total value of the receivables, using them as collateral.
Asset Transfer
The Οriginator (Seller) transfers the selected assets to the SPV, removing them from its balance sheet. This transfer is typically done through a sale or contribution, and it may be a one-off true sale or revolving.
Note Issuance
The SPV issues notes backed by the pool of assets. These securities represent claims on the cash flows generated by the underlying assets. Securities are often structured into different tranches, each with varying levels of risk and return, to attract a diverse set of investors.
Investor Acquires Note
Investors purchase the note issued by the SPV. These investors are mainly banks, institutional investors, or even individual ones. The capital raised from the sale of securities is used to pay the originator for the transferred assets.
Cash Flows
Usually, collections derived from the portfolios are transferred to the remittance account of the SPV in an agreed time frame. Based on the agreement, the SPV returns the proceeds to the Originator within the agreed time frame after deducting the transaction costs (i.e., servicing fees, tickets, etc.).
Servicing & Administration
The SPV administers and services the assets, managing defaults and any necessary legal or administrative tasks. It raises funds for part of the total value of the receivables, using them as collateral.
Repayment of Note
Depending on the transaction, there are two repayment phases. The first one, with a typical duration of two to three years, pays for the cost and interest rate of the transaction every month. Depending on the transaction, this period can be extended from two to three years. The second one includes capital repayment, with its duration varying between one to three years, depending on the initial agreement.